College students should have complete freedom to choose their own Essay - 1

College students should have complete freedom to choose their own courses and create their own curriculums - Essay Example becomes evident that it is not at all necessary for the person to be intelligent and capable, but it shows that if the person strives then, he can for sure get what he desires. Therefore, the main factor behind this high score is none other than â€Å"MOTIVATION†. Motivation can be induced in any way either by offering some sort of monetary reward or it can be as simple as public recognition, or recognition among peers. Of course, a mentally challenged person will not be able to achieve it even with motivation, but an average person with sound mind can easily achieve a good score with a little motivation. Many a time uninterested respondents do not even bother to go beyond a few questions or think. They simply remain unflustered, and unbothered. This type of attitude again claims biasness in the claimed success of the high stakes test as accurate measures. It has been generally seen that people who belong to low income strata or to areas with lower economic growth score lower on the colleges. Their lower scores do not necessarily imply that they have low intelligence or possess no knowledge; it’s just that the setup of the test, the language used (in most cases) is not the one they are familiar with. The high scores in test can also be achieved if you have had better schooling and early grooming. There are evidence where children who are made to â€Å"open† their minds in the early stages of life by being made to play mind games and puzzles have a general tendency to think â€Å"out of the box†, they grasp things like puzzles or mind boggling questions easily and can comprehend and answer them far more easily than others who haven’t been exposed to such activities The reason is that their minds have been made to look at the problem and break it and then solve them. Therefore, it is beyond argument that your background, the area or society in which you were brought up may not be all, but are some of the basic reasons that may influence the score you get in your

Women in Ancient Times Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Women in Ancient Times - Essay Example It was only when the Macedonians subjugated the Hellenistic world that the position of women became comparatively prominent and some were provided formal education just like what was given to the males of that era (Marrou 35). For Athenians, "citizenship" was significant, particularly after political restructuring was implemented and democratic transformations were in place. Being a citizen meant that an individual can own land, and when that person reaches the age of thirty, he can hold political office. Citizens could also have a voice in the ecclesia and they can cast their votes on all state affairs. Unfortunately, men were the citizens of Athens and all women were barred (Just 13). This segregation of women signified that women had no political rights, it likewise implied that they could not own land (something which represented power in the ancient world) and that they could never hold political office. In primeval Israel, as in most of the ancient world, marriage was the ultimate aspiration. Arranging marriages were the "in thing" of those times as parents exert effort in searching appropriate husbands for their daughters from the same tribe or from a neighboring village.In those ancient civilizations, the husband was compelled to sustain the needs of the wife, however, unlike their Athenian counterpart; Israeli women can keep their own property. In addition, during those olden days, it was understood that a married couple was in reality an economic partnership; if and when the man becomes insolvent or incapable of meeting his financial obligations, the woman will be sold into slavery along with him. Similarly, in that era, a woman's primary obligation (and considered to be her ultimate bliss) was to give birth, if possible to a son to carry on the man's name and ancestry. It was so important for a manto have a son that a recurrent ground for divorce---something that is not diffic ult to attain for a man---was a woman's incapacity to bear a child. In fact, in wealthy families, if the wife couldnot conceive, she could give her slave to her husband. The child produced from that union would provide the legal wife as much status as just like giving birth herself. In some circumstances where a married man died without leaving a son, the man's brother or the closest male relative, was anticipated to marry the widow; in this manner, she would have a husband to support her and still produce a son closely related to the dead husband and continue his lineage (Lualdi n.p.; Clancy-Smith 1-56). In Babylon, the most popular and the most comprehensive of the primordial Roman law codes was the Hammurabi.As one remembers, it was the Hammurabi Code which decreed that the one who demolishes the eye of another should have his own eye snuffed out as retribution and the one who murders another should himself be put to death, hence giving rise to the idiom "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth." In old Babylonia, women's position was comparatively elevated as they could be in possession of and become heirs to properties. In addition, a widow has lawful privileges to acquire and utilize her late husband's assets as long a she continues to live in his house; also, she has the right to leave and remarry, however, she could

Symptoms of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Symptoms of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Pathophysiology Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is an acquired syndrome that occurs when a stimulus pathologically activates intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis resulting in an unbalanced hemostasis (Cunningham, 1999; Huether McCance, 2008; Wada, 2008). The initiation of DIC starts with the release of tissue factor (TF) by the endothelial cells or white blood cells (WBCs). TF are present on many different cell types including lungs, brain, and placenta. The release of TF is subsequent to a variety of causes including trauma, ischemia, excessive metabolic stress, tumors, infectious organisms, exposure to cytokines and endotoxins (Baglin, 1996; Vinay, Abul, Nelson, Richard, 2007). The release of endotoxin is the means by which gram-negative sepsis triggers DIC (Vinay et al., 2007). These endotoxins are a structural component in gram-negative bacteria released when the bacteria are lysed. TF then reacts with coagulation factor VII leading to the common pathway and activation of co agulation factor X (Huether McCance, 2008, p. 498). This complex pathway leads prothrombin to convert to thrombin, which transforms fibrinogen to fibrin (Huether McCance, 2008, p. 542) Excess activation of the coagulation pathway results in an overload of circulating thrombin leaving numerous fibrin clots in circulation (Cunningham, 1999). Fibrinolysis is also decreased during DIC. The main component of fibrinolysis is plasmin, a fibrin-eating enzyme that is activated by the clotting pathway to control the fibrin clots in the vessels (Huether McCance, 2008). These micro-thrombi in the vasculature of organs cause tissue ischemia and dysfunction. Although fibrinolytic properties are present in the body, production is inadequate to control the systemic deposits of fibrin clots (Cunningham, 1999; Huether McCance, 2008). DIC also places the patient at risk for hemorrhage due the rapid consumption of platelets and coagulation factors result in primary hemostasis failure (Bliss Wallace-Jonathan, 2008; Huether McCance, 2008). The failure and dysfunction of both the formation and stabilization pathways of clots bleeding from multiple sites are seen (Bliss Wallace-Jonat han, 2008). Relevant Signs and Symptoms The signs and symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulation present in a multitude of possibilities. In this specific patient with gram-negative sepsis leading to DIC may present with spontaneous bruising, prolonged bleeding from venipuncture sites, and bleeding from three different sites. There are also many other possible sites including the nose, gums, mucosa, eyes, arterial lines, or surgical wounds (Bliss Wallace-Jonathan, 2008; Wada, 2008). Depending on where the fibrin clots have deposited, other symptoms may manifest as ischemia or organ failure occurs such as in the kidneys, heart, lungs, or in the brain. There is a possibility of hemorrhaging into a closed compartment, which may lead to shock (Huether McCance, 2008). Lab values during DIC are also of great importance. There is no specific test for DIC but a combination of PT (prothrombin time), aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time), fibrinogen, platelet count and d-dimmer are used to assist in the diagnosis of DIC (Cunningham, 1999). Since many disorders can cause an increase of each of these lab values, it is important to use the whole picture to make the diagnosis. Treatment Treatments for DIC focus on elimination of the cause, controlling the coagulation and formation of clots, and maintain or return organ function (Huether McCance, 2008). In this case study, the elimination of the gram-negative bacteria is one treatment. This essential treatment of antibiotic therapy has already started one hour ago. Another course of treatment is administration of blood products to resupply the body with the depleted clotting factor, platelets, thrombin, and plasmin in an attempt to reduce or eliminate the bleeding (Bliss Wallace-Jonathan, 2008). Administration of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) along with cryoprecipitate and platelet concentrates replaces the clotting factors in patients with active bleeding (Bliss Wallace-Jonathan, 2008). Research on heparin use in DIC found successful in the treatment of DIC in some patients in an attempt to reduce the coagulation pathway activation though not recommended in septic DIC (Huether McCance, 2008; Bliss Wallace-Jonathan, 2008). Clinical trials have made a case for the specific treatment of septic DIC. Antithrombin III appears to be an effective treatment (Bliss Wallace-Jonathan, 2008; Huether McCance, 2008). Organ function requires fluid resuscitation for restoration of blood pressure as well as urine and cardiac output. Outcomes Prognosis varies depending on the underlying disorder. The outcome also depends on the magnitude of thrombi in the vascular system. The patient has a 10%-50% chance of dying with the diagnosis of DIC (Wada, 2008). The rate increases in patients with sepsis though there still is a possibility of a positive outcome. With rapid detection and treatment, DIC can be reversed. Conclusion Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) References Baglin, T. (1996, March 16). Disseminated intravascular coagulation: diagnosis and treatment. British Medical Journal, 312, 683-688. Retrieved from www.galegroup.com Bliss, T. T., Wallace-Jonathan, J. (2008). Hematological and coagulation changes in sepsis. In Competency-based critical care (pp. 17-25). doi: 10.1007/978-1-84628-939-2 Cunningham, V. L. (1999, July). A review of disseminated intravascular coagulation: presentation, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment. Medical Laboratory Observer, 31(7), 42-50. Retrieved from www.generalonefile.com Huether, S., McCance, K. (2008). Understanding pathophysiology (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier. Vinay, K., Abul, A. K., Nelson, F., Richard, M. N. (2007). Robbins basic pathology (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier. Wada, H. (2008). Disseminated intravascular coagulation. In Recent advances in thrombosis and hemostasis 2008. doi: 10.1007/978-4-431-78847-8

Provocation Through Comedy :: Movie Script Film Creative Writing Essays

Provocation Through Comedy If I were to write a film concerning women and sports, first of all I think I'd make it a comedy. I think sometimes it is easier to convey serious thoughts through a comedy, because the viewer doesn't feel so tangled up in the emotion of drama, leaving them laughing and in a good frame of mind to consider the points being made by the film after they watch the film. I think this idea is much akin to the idea that it is easier to discuss issues and problems of race and gender through a forum like film because a person can identify with an idea being expressed without having to take responsibility for the authorship of the idea. I think that a comedy is more capable of providing a powerful ending because the viewer isn't expecting it. Obviously if I were a screenwriter I would want to write a film that was unique and distinguishable from the other films made about women in sport. This might at first seem difficult, given the proliferation of films made on the subject, but they follow a lot of the same trends. One of these trends is the portrayal of the latent aggression in women that is released through sport. Women are not permitted by society to be aggressive in any area and still maintain their femininity. If I were to write a film I would include this theme and I would try to show that women can be aggressive in many areas. Their aggression can be in something other than sports, for example, business. I think a situation that would show this and also be comical could be perhaps a woman that owns a sports team. Another issue is the fact that all of the women in the films we watched were made to prove their femininity. I don't think that it is necessary to prove that a female athlete must stand up to an accepted level of femininity. There really is no reason to make a female athlete buy new dress shoes or learn to put on lipstick. I really don't think that it is necessary for any woman to prove their femininity whatsoever, especially not in these superficial, commercial ways. So if I were to write a film, she wouldn't go through that trouble. Her power suit could be pants and she wouldn't have to wear makeup.

Related Studies for Online Shopping Essay

Sulit.com.ph is a classified ads website that caters primarily to Philippine market. It is an online marketplace where people buy and sell a wide variety of goods, products, and services under different categories such as real estate, automotives, careers, business products and services, and many more among Filipino individuals and business groups all over the world.[3] Launched on September 11, 2006, the free online classified ads website was named Sulit.com.ph for 2 reasons: (1) â€Å"Sulit† is a Filipino word that means â€Å"worth it† in English, describing the affordability of items being sold by the site’s members; and (2) Sulit is an acronym for â€Å"Super Low Internet Trading.† In addition to the buy and sell platform, Sulit.com.ph also provides an online community among Filipino web users. Through the Sulit.com.ph forum, members interact with one another about various topics including business, lifestyle, current events, and health among many others. Thus, Sulit.com.ph can also be translated to â€Å"Sulit Community in the Philippines.† http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulit.com.ph AyosDito.ph is an online classified-ads website catering to the Philippine market. It is owned and operated by 701Search Pte., Ltd., which is a joint venture between media giantsSingapore Press Holdings and Schibsted. Launched in March 2009,[2] AyosDito offers free posting of ads for items such as properties, cars, computers, cellphones, electronic gadgets, food, and even jobs. The phrase â€Å"Ayos Dito† is Tagalog for â€Å"Ok here†. Despite the rather plain site layout and design, people generally find the website very fast and simple to use.[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AyosDito.ph

Decomposition Lab 5

Lab 5 DECOMPOSITION (Nov 2, 2011) Introduction: Decomposition is the breakdown of organic material into its smaller molecules and elements. (This term is generally considered as a biotic process but one may find it also used to describe an abiotic process, e. g. , due to weathering. ) The decomposing organisms may use the release of elements for nutrients and by breaking apart the carbon-carbon bonds in organic matter this can release energy for them. These smaller molecules and nutrient elements may also become available for use by the primary producers (i. e. , plants and phototropic microorganisms). Decomposition is an important step in the food chain and contributes to the nutrient cycling within an ecosystem. Most of the organic matter in an ecosystem ultimately passes through the decomposer subsystem. Decomposition of organic matter is a major ecosystem process involving an array of different organisms. The catabolism (breakdown of molecules into smaller units) of the organic compounds is mostly accomplished by bacteria and fungi. However if one considers decomposition as the disappearance or breakdown of organic litter then the soil fauna (invertebrates such as the springtails, mites, isopods, etc) must be included in this array of soil biota that contributes to the decomposition of organic matter. Wood decomposition is also influenced by the fungal species that break it down. Some of these species form brown rot (where only cellulose and hemicellulose are broken down leaving lignin which is brown), while others form white rot where all three are broken down). The majority of fungi are white rotters, but brown rot fungi are ecologically important because they form long-lived nurse logs. Decomposition rates vary due to abiotic factors such as moisture level, temperature, and soil type. The rates also vary depending on the amount of initial breakdown caused by the prior consumers in the food chain. The more broken down the organic matter (greater surface area exposed), the faster is the final decomposition. There are a variety of methods to determine decomposition rates. For example, 1) weight loss (a change in organic matter mass over time) – such as using litter bags or core sampling; 2) organic tissue or component substrate changes (e. g. , weight or concentration changes of cellulose or lignin); 3) microbial populations (fingerprinting the microbial populations present and their changes) and/or their activity (e. g. CO2 evolution using alkali traps [eg, soda lime, sodium hydroxide] or detection of CO2 in gaseous samples [e. g. , InfraRed Gas Analyzer-IRGA, gas chromatography-GC]. Objectives 1. Determine CO2 evolution as an indicator of decomposition and microbial populations from the hardwood, conifer and garden soils using a static soda lime trap. 2. Determine the effects of isopods on decomposition of vine maple leaves 3. Examine differences between brown and white rot in wood  decay 4. Solve a problem set using conifer needle mass loss data from litterbags. . Soil CO2 evolution using the Soda Lime technique (a static-chamber method)   CO2 evolution will be determined from the soil surface beneath conifer trees (Douglas-fir and cedar), deciduous hardwood trees adjacent to Winkenwerder Hall, and a nearby garden soil on campus using the static trap soda lime technique. Soda lime gains weight when exposed to CO2. The main components of soda lime are  : †¢ Calcium hydroxide – Ca(OH)2 (about 75%) †¢ Water – H2O (about 20%) †¢ Sodium hydroxide – NaOH (about 3%) Potassium hydroxide – KOH (about 1%) The method is based on the adsorption of CO2 by soda lime that is measured by a weight gain. The following absorption reactions occur: 2NaOH+CO2[pic]Na2CO3+H2O Ca(OH)2+CO2[pic]CaCO3+H2O Procedure: 1. Obtain soda lime 2. Dry the soda lime in a clean beaker at 105 C in a drying oven to remove adsorbed moistur e (212 Bloedel) 3. When dry (probably overnight or until it stops losing weight), weigh out approximately 10 g into a soil can (record to at least the nearest 0. 001g). 4. A plastic container (16 cm diam) is used as a chamber to trap CO2 evolving from the soil. 5. At the field sites place the soil can with soda lime on the soil and then place the plastic container upside down over it and push its edges into the soil to form a seal around the beaker to trap CO2 from the soil respiration. 6. Also place a control (blank) sample of soda lime in a soil can in the field also under a plastic container, but one that has a bottom on it (aluminium foil) so that it does not allow CO2 evolving from the soil to be adsorbed. This control (blank) is treated as all other samples except that it is not exposed to soil CO2 evolution. 7. Incubate for 24 hr (leave in situ so that CO2 evolution has been subjected to abiotic/biotic fluctuations occurring over the diurnal period). 8. After 24hr remove the soda lime from under the can and put the top on the soil can to keep CO2 exchanges from occurring. 9. Dry the soil can of soda lime (uncovered) in the drying oven at 105 C (overnight sufficient) and then reweigh. 10. Three replicate samples are used for the conifer, hardwood and garden soils as well one blank at each site. 11. At each site record pH and temperature in the upper 5 cm of mineral soil. Make general observations about the amount of roots you see at each site Calculation: The difference in weights before and after incubation is an estimate of the grams of carbon dioxide evolved from the soil. Multiply this weight by a correction factor* of 1. 69 (due to 1 mole of water generated by each mole of CO2 absorbed by the lime) (Grogan 1998). The units are g CO2 per ‘container area’ per 24hr. This is converted to g CO2 m-2 hr-1. S = (Wsl x 1. 69) / (Ac x T) where, S is CO2 evolution (g CO2 m-2 h-1), Wsl is the soda lime weight gain, 1. 69 is the C absorption rate of soda-lime, Ac is the chamber area (m2), and T is the sampling time in hours. Do the same calculation for the control (blank) and subtract that value from the sample calculation to derive the correct CO2 evolution from the soil. In Excel conduct an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine if there are significant differences (P